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An effective laser safety program can mean big savings in time, money, effort, and most importantly, human well-being. It can improve the quality of your research program, your organization's reputation, and ultimately, improve your bottom line. Based on the extensive experience of active Laser Safety Officer Kenneth Barat, Laser Safety Management provides practical tools for successfully implementing a laser safety program in any environment.
The book defines the three elements of laser safety: users, the laser safety officer, and incidental personnel. It covers the types of laser injuries, standard operating procedures to ensure safety, tips and tools to avoid pitfalls, training, control measures, and personal protection equipment. The author explores the laser safety officer position and delineates the required elements of effective SOPs. He also discusses non-beam hazards, includes practical control examples and sample forms, and covers U.S. and European regulations and standards.
Taking a pedagogical approach, the book covers not only how to avoid accidents, but how to investigate them if they do occur. It includes a sample safety program designed to evaluate your current safety plan and act as a roadmap for where you need to be and how to get there. Filled with common sense solutions for laser safety issues, the book makes setting up a safety program practically painless.
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW
Traditional Laser Safety
Life Cycle
Additional Life Cycle Elements
Classification
Responsibilities
Probabilistic Risk Assessment
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS: WHY WE CARE ABOUT LASER EXPOSURE
Introduction
The Eye
Signs of Eye Exposure
Damage Mechanisms
Laser Radiation Effects on Skin
Tissue Optics
THE LASER SAFETY OFFICER: THE KEY TO LASER SAFETY
The effective LSO Gets Out and Walks Laser Use Space
Laser Safety Committee
Inventory
Training
Signs
Warning Lights
Audits
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES: A BINDING SAFETY CONTRACT
Introduction
SOP Flow
Sample Format
Follow-Up to the SOP
Laser Control Boilerplates
Sample Laser SOP1
Laser and Laser System SOP Guidelines
PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR LASER SAFETY AND TRAPS TO AVOID
Introduction
The Laser Safety "Tool Box" Wish List
Transition Zone Between the LSO and Laser System Users
Laser Safety Traps
THE LASER-SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Introduction
Benefits of the Laser-Safety Management Program
File Structure
Institutional Binder Sections
Institutional Binders
Sample Forms
LASER SAFETY TRAINING
User Training
Awareness Training
On-the-Job Safety Training
Exploring Training Options
New Training Suggestion: A Laser Lessons Learned Class
Refresher Training
Laser Quizzes
The Training Matrix
Laser Pointer Awareness
PERSONNEL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Introduction
Full Attenuation
Visual Light Transmission
Comfort and Fit
Damage Threshold Considerations
Prescriptions
Sensor Card Use
Weight
Labeling
Ultrafast Lasers
Additional Considerations
Partial Attenuation (Alignment Eyewear)
Additional PPE
LASER ACCIDENTS
Introduction
Alignment Activities
Failure to Wear Protective Eyewear
Electrical Hazards Overlooked
Additional Hazards and Solutions
Improper Restoration of Lasers after Servicing
Lack of Planning
Wearing the Wrong Eyewear and Improper Fit
Fatigue and Stress
Workplace Culture
To Whom Are These Accidents Happening?
The Perceived Incident
Accident Investigation
Written Report: Not Finished Until the Paperwork Is Done
Why Should Recommendations Be Made?
What Should Be Done if the Investigation Reveals Human Error?
Not Every Laser Accident Involves an Eye or Skin Injury
Typical Laser Pointer Incidents
Guidance for Laser Pointer Use
Examples of Laser Accidents
Laser Accident Action Plan
Medical Facility
Can Laser Accidents Be Prevented?
AN EXPLANATION OF CONTROL MEASURES
Administrative Controls
For the Institution
Research Lab Administrative Controls
Engineering Controls
Engineering Control Measures
U.S. AND EUROPEAN REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Introduction
User Regulations
State Regulations
User Standards
Manufacturer Regulations
British Regulations and Standards
LASER SAFETY CALCULATIONS
Introduction
Converting between Irradiance and Radiant Exposure
Optical Density
Choosing Exposure Duration Times
NONBEAM HAZARDS
Introduction
Electrical Hazards
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Fire Hazards
Ergonomics and Human Factors
Seismic Safety
Area Illumination
Mechanical Hazards
Supplemental Electrical Safety Section
PRACTICAL CONTROL MEASURES
Web Resources
LASER BASICS
Introduction
What is a Laser?
Laser Theory and Operation
Components of a Laser
Types of Lasers
Glossary
Index
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Related Titles
Book Series
This book is included in the following series:
Optical Science and Engineering