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General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) is a special computer programming language primarily used to simulate what can be classified as discrete systems. A discrete system is one where, at any given instant in time, a countable number of things can take place. The basic operation of a mine itself can be considered such a system.
Discrete Simulation and Animation for Mining Engineers
explains how to model mining systems using GPSS/H® and PROOF® by Wolverine Software Corporation. Employing a unique approach that encourages engagement from the start, the text discusses animation first, and then slowly introduces simulation language. As each new topic is covered, an animation is provided to illustrate the key concepts.Leveraging valuable insight gained from the author’s extensive experience modeling mines around the world, the book:
Describes how to apply discrete system simulation to mines Shows how to make those simulations come alive with animation Includes real-world examples and exercises that hone practical problem-solving skillsWritten by a mining engineer for mining engineers and students of mining, Discrete Simulation and Animation for Mining Engineers offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of mine simulation and animation useful in increasing the efficiency of industrial mining processes.
What Is PROOF Animation?
PROOF Animation
Further Work
Exercises
Drawing a Layout
Making a CLASS
Making a Path
Making the .ATF file
The CREATE Command
The PLACE Command
The MOVE Command
Study of TIME and SPEED
Exercises
More on Layouts I
More on Layouts
Making Curves
Making Circles
Moving the Grid Coordinates
Changing the Colours of Objects
Exercises
More on Layouts II
More on Paths
Non-Closed Circular Paths
The Snap to Option
The DESTROY Command in PROOF
Exercises
Some PROOF Icons
The SET Command and More PROOF Icons
Other forms of the SET Command
SET CLASS
SET OBJECT
More PROOF Icons: Navigating the Top Menu Bar
Exercises
More PROOF Icons
More PROOF Icons: Navigating the Lower Menu Bar
Exercises
Introduction to the GPSS/H Simulation Language
Introduction to GPSS/H
Rules for Writing Code in GPSS/H
Continuing a Line of Code
Running a GPSS/H Program
What You Will Need
Running Programs Using the Command Prompt—Up to Windows
Running Programs from Windows 7 and Higher
Making Changes to a GPSS/H Program
Giving Names in GPSS/H
Another Example
Free Format
The SIMULATE Statement
The END Statement
Further Example
Exercises
The GENERATE Block and Transactions
The GENERATE Block
The Internal GPSS/H Clock
Creating Transactions
The B Operand
A Word about Random Numbers
Results of Simulation Programs
More General Cases of the GENERATE Block
The PRIORITY Block
The TERMINATE Block
The START Statement
The CLEAR Statement
The RMULT Statement
Exercises
ADVANCE and TRANSFER Blocks
The ADVANCE Block
A Caution in Writing Programs
The TRANSFER Block
Unconditional TRANSFER Mode
The Conditional TRANSFER Block
Exercises
Making .ATF Files
Making .ATF Files, PUTSTRING, BPUTSTRING, BPUTPIC, PUTPIC and Standard Numerical Attributes
Exercises
QUEUE/DEPART Blocks
QUEUE/DEPART Blocks—Another PROOF Icon
Another PROOF Icon
Exercises
SEIZE/RELEASE Blocks
SEIZE and RELEASE Blocks
Exercises
Arithmetic in GPSS/H
Ampervariables in GPSS/H
Arithmetic in GPSS/H
The LET Statement and the BLET Block
Another Important SNA
Exercises
ENTER/LEAVE Blocks
The ENTER and LEAVE Blocks
Exercises
Other Forms of the TRANSFER Block
Several Other Forms of the TRANSFER Block
Exercises
The TEST Block
The TEST Block
The TEST Block in Refusal Mode
TEST Block in Normal Mode
Exercises
Standard Numerical Attributes
More on Standard Numerical Attributes
Other SNAs
Exercises
Functions
Functions
Exercises
Parameters
Parameters
The ASSIGN Block
A Caution in Using the ADVANCE Block
The ASSIGN Block in Increment or Decrement Mode
The TRANSFER ,FN(label) Block
General Form of the ASSIGN Block
Exercises
More on Parameters
More on Parameters: The LOOP Block EQU Statement
Exercises
TABLES
TABLES in GPSS/H
The TABLE Statement
The TABULATE Block
Standard Numerical Attributes Associated with Tables
The MARK Block
Additional Tables
Exercises
LOGIC Switches and the GATE Block
LOGIC Switches and the GATE Block
Another Form of the TRANSFER Block
Exercises
Miscellaneous Statements
DO LOOPS, IF, GOTO and LET Statements
Exercises
The SELECT and COUNT Blocks
The SELECT and COUNT Blocks
The COUNT Block
Other forms of the SELECT and COUNT Blocks
Exercises
Variables and Expressions
Variables and Expressions, Boolean Variables
Exercises
The BUFFER Block
The BUFFER Block and the SPLIT Block
Exercises
The ASSEMBLY Block
Assembly Sets and the ASSEMBLE Block
The ASSEMBLE Block
Exercises
MATCH, GATHER, and PREEMPT Blocks
MATCH, GATHER, and PREEMPT Blocks
Exercises
MACROs
MACROs in GPSS/H Subroutines
Exercises
A Few More PROOF Icons
A Few More PROOF Icons
Exercises
SAVEVALUES
SAVEVALUES
The SAVEVALUE Block
The FIX and FLT Mode Conversion
The INITIAL Statement
Effect of RESET and CLEAR on SAVEVALUES
John R. Sturgul holds a BS in mining engineering (with honors) from Michigan Technological University, Houghton, USA; an MS in mathematics from the University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; and a Ph.D in mining engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. He also holds an honorary doctorate from the University of Petrosani, Romania. Recognized as the world’s leading authority on the application of discrete system simulation to mines, Dr. Sturgul is currently a professor of mining engineering at the University of Adelaide, Australia. He has been actively engaged in mine simulation and animation for more than 30 years. His work in this field has taken him to more than 60 countries and earned him numerous awards in Chile, Romania, the United States, Spain, Argentina, Peru, South Africa, Greece, and Australia, where he received the Ray Page Lifetime Achievement Award from the Australian Simulation Society. His model of the Lihir gold mine, located on an island northeast of Papua New Guinea, was the first example of a mine initially designed using a simulation model. He published the first textbook on the subject in 2000, and now this new textbook explains the details of constructing such models.
"… essential reading for those mining companies thinking of improving, innovating and generally increasing their production – or at least finding where the bottlenecks are. … very detailed and lays out the methodology for developing solutions to typical mining problems – truck/shovel interactions, truck haul cycles, queuing at dumps/hoppers/shovels – the bread and butter of cost reduction in mining."
—Shane Bennett, PT Kaltim Prima Coal
The book has the perfectly recognizable "Sturgul style". … very well written book, specially entertaining and educational, but complete and professional at the same time. Anyone who wants to learn about simulation in mining should read this book. It is fantastic for students, but professional mining engineers at work will also find "precious ore" in the book to solve their real life problems."
—Marcelino Cortina, COO at Treelogic (Spain)
"… an interesting book to introduce new users in the computer simulation word. It clearly states the benefits of computer simulation and how it helps to answer questions about how different parameters values or small/big changes in the system can affect the final performance."
—Veronica Gil-Costa, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
"Easy to read and understand. … presented in the style that Dr. Sturgul would use in any of his Mining classes. … step-by-step instructions are easy to follow."
—Allen Cooper
"… aimed at giving the reader profound insights into the simulation of discrete mining systems. Having many years of experience, Sturgul uses an entertaining and interactive approach to teaching simulation. Readers will enjoy solving real-life problems using the knowledge gained from reading this book."
—Vladimir Borissenko, Commissioning Process Engineer, Bozshakol Mine, KAZ Minerals PLC
"Highly applicable in the real world, very descriptive, easy to follow, and peaks the interest of the user yielding a double benefit. With this book the student is likely to both become interested in the industrial mining process while at the same time learn about it. … an excellent tool to get students to understand and apply simulation in the mining process."
—Mario Candia, Independent Consultant for Mining and Soil Mechanics
"… knowledge worthy for all mining industry students and professionals. The presentation is flawless and exhaustive for both students, beginners, and practitioners of mining simulation and has a place in the history of cutting edge mining applications."
—Paul Appiah"I would recommend current and future mining engineering students to read the book and try out the exercises, even if your university does not have a dedicated course on the subject. These skills will only enhance your presentations and skills base. For more experienced engineers, these tools can be a great help, even at later stages within a mineral industry career."
—The AusIMM Bulletin Magazine, June 2016